Water is life : women's human rights in national and local water governance in Southern and Eastern Africa / edited by Anne Hellum, Patricia Kameri-Mbote and Barbara van Koppen.

Includes bibliographical references.

Print version record.

Cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Maps; Acknowledgements; Contributors; Part I -- Introduction; Chapter 1 -- The Human Right to Water and Sanitation in a Legal Pluralist Landscape: Perspectives of Southern and Eastern African Women; 1. Water and Sanitation as an Intersectional Gender and Human Rights Issue; 2. Legal Pluralities and Multiple Water Governance Structures; 3. The Broader Historical, Political, and International Context of Water Reform: Setting the scene; 3.1 Colonial continuities; 3.2 The first wave of post-colonial water reform: The Dublin Principles and IWRM.

3.3 The second wave of post-colonial water reforms: The MDGs and the human right to water and sanitation3.4 Legal gaps, tensions, and challenges; 4. Local Perspectives; 4.1 Engendering the right to water: water for personal, domestic and livelihood use; 4.2 Intersectional perspectives: vulnerabilities of poor women and the environment; 4.3 Water access through participation, legal knowledge and empowerment; 5. Challenges for International and National Law; Chapter 2 -- Turning the Tide: Engendering the Human Right to Water and Sanitation.

1. Water as a Human Rights Issue: Southern and eastern African perspectives on gender and water governance2. Towards an 'Engendered', Integrated and Contextual Approach; 3. Background: From the Stockholm and Dublin Principles to the human right to water and sanitation; 4. The Right to Water: Adequate, available, accessible, safe and affordable; 4.1 Adequate water for what? Personal, domestic and livelihood uses; 4.2 Accessible and safe water; 4.3 Affordable water; 5. The Human Right to Sanitation.

6. The Duty to Respect and Protect the Right to Water and Sanitation in the Context of Plural Water Governance6.1 The duty to respect; 6.2 The duty to protect; 7. The Duty to Make Water and Sanitation Accessible without Discrimination; 7.1 Direct discrimination; 7.2 Indirect discrimination; 7.3 Gender stereotypes, systemic discrimination and cultural change; 7.4 Intersectional discrimination; 8. The Right to Equal, Free and Meaningful Participation in Water Governance; 9. The Obligations of International Development Actors; 9.1 International actors as duty-bearers.

9.2 Accessibility without discrimination: Responsibilities of donors when selecting target groups and areas9.3 Attention, affordability and accountability: Responsibilities of donors in policy processes; 10. Conclusion; Part II -- Kenya; Chapter 3 -- Human Rights, Gender and Water in Kenya: Law, Prospects and Challenges; 1. Introduction; 2. Water Resources, Land and Human Rights; 2.1 Water resources in Kenya; 2.2 Water availability, distribution and demand; 2.3. The interface between water, land and human rights; 3. Water Law and Policy in Pre-Colonial and Colonial Kenya.

This book approached water and sanitation as an African gender and human rights issue. Empirical case studies from Kenya, Malawi, South Africa and Zimbabwe show how coexisting international, national and local regulations of water and sanitation respond to the ways in which different groups of rural and urban women gain access to water for personal, domestic and livelihood purposes. The authors, who are lawyers, sociologists, political scientists and anthropologists, explore how women cope in contexts where they lack secure rights, and participation in water governance institutions, formal and informal. The research shows how women - as producers of family food - rely on water from multiple sources that are governed by community based norms and institutions which recognise the right to water for livelihood. How these 'common pool water resources' - due to protection gaps in both international and national law - are threatened by large-scale development and commercialisation initiatives, facilitated through national permit systems, is a key concern. The studies demonstrate that existing water governance structures lack mechanisms which make them accountable to poor and vulnerable water users on the ground, most importantly women. The findings thus underscore the need to intensify measures to hold states accountable, not just in water services provision, but in assuring the basic human right to clean drinking water and sanitation; and also to protect water for livelihoods.

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