Some algebra of fiscal transparency : how accounting devices work and how to reveal them /
prepared by Timothy C. Irwin.
- 1 online resource : illustrations.
- IMF working paper ; WP/12/228 .
- IMF working paper ; WP/12/228. .
Includes bibliographical references.
Cover; Contents; I. Introduction; II. One True Deficit; A. Deficit Devices; B. Debt; III. Multiple Deficits; Figures; 1. Sets of Assets and Liabilities Recognized in Differenct Accounting Systems; A. Accounting Systems and the Devices They Allow; B. Extended Fiscal Accounts; C. Fiscal Sustainability; Tables; 1. Summary Extended Accounts, Clean Surpluses; IV. Dirty Deficits; A. Components of Clean Surpluses; B. Devices Revisited; V. Conclusion; References.
Accounting devices that artificially reduce the measured fiscal deficit can be analyzed as transactions involving unrecognized assets and liabilities. Different accounting systems recognize different sets of assets and liabilities and are thus vulnerable to different sets of devices. Some devices can be revealed by moving progressively from cash accounting to modified accrual accounting to full accrual accounting. Revealing all would require the publication of extended fiscal accounts in which all future cash flows give rise to assets or liabilities.